Tuskegee Syphilis Study
(1932-72) |
1932 |
|
| Elixir Sulfanilamide Disaster |
1937 |
|
| |
1938 |
Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act |
| Monster Study on stuttering |
1939 |
|
| Nazi Experiments on Prisoners (1939-45) |
1940s |
|
| Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study |
1940s |
|
| Radiation Experiments Begin (1944-74) |
1944 |
|
| |
1944 |
Penicillin used to treat syphilis |
| Guatemala STD Experiments |
1946 |
|
| MIT Science Club Study (1946-53) |
1946 |
|
| |
1947 |
Nuremberg Code |
| |
1948 |
UN adopts Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
| George Otto Gey extracts cells from Henrietta Lacks |
1951 |
|
| Sloan-Kettering Cancer Study |
1952 |
|
| Wichita Jury Study |
1953 |
|
MK-ULTRA:
Military LSD experiments |
1953 |
|
| Willowbrook Hepatitis Study (1956-71) |
1956 |
|
| Thalidomide Tragedy |
1957 |
|
| Harvard Psilocybin Experiments (1960-63) |
1960 |
|
| Milgram Obedience Study |
1962 |
Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment
to Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act |
| Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Cancer Study |
1963 |
|
| |
1964 |
Declaration of Helsinki |
| Beecher Article |
1966 |
US Surgeon General’s Directives on Human Experimentation
Institutional review required |
| Tearoom Trade Study published |
1970 |
|
| Stanford Prison Experiment |
1971 |
|
| Tuskegee Syphilis Study exposed. Study ends. |
1972 |
|
| |
1974 |
Tuskegee lawsuit settled out of court. |
| |
1974 |
National Research Act passed by Congress |
| |
1974 |
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical & Behavioral Research was established. DHEW-funded research to be reviewed by IRBs |
| |
1974 |
45 CFR 46: IRB procedures established Subpart B: Special Protections for Pregnant Women and Fetuses |
| |
1978 |
President Carter establishes the Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1978-83) leading to the creation of The Common Rule |
| |
1978 |
45 CFR 46: IRB procedures established Subpart C: Special Protections for Prisoners |
| |
1979 |
Belmont Report |
| |
1981 |
FDA regulations for IRBs at 21 CFR revised to correspond with DHHS regulations |
| |
1982 |
CIOMS Guidelines |
| |
1983 |
45 CFR 46: IRB procedures established Subpart D: Special Protections for Children |
| Arizona State University’s Havasupai Research Study (1989-2004) |
1989 |
|
| |
1990 |
International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines (ICH Guidelines created) |
| |
1991 |
Common Rule |
| MIT Science Club experiments exposed. |
1993 |
|
| 1930s & 40s Radiation Experiments Publicized |
1993 |
|
| |
1993/5 |
Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Report |
| |
1995 |
President Clinton creates the
National Bioethics Advisory Committee (1995-2001) |
| University of Rochester student participant Nicole Wan dies in minimal risk medical study |
1996 |
HIPAA Privacy Rule |
| Death of Jesse Gelsinger in University of Pennsylvania medical study |
1999 |
|
| |
2000 |
OPRR is promoted to OHRP |
| |
2001 |
President Bush replaces the NBAC with the President’s Council on Bioethics |
| |
2001 |
University of Iowa apologies for Monster Study |
| Columbia Restaurant Study |
2001 |
AAHRPP incorporated |
| Boston College's The Belfast Project begins (2001-2006) |
2001 |
|
| Havasupai Tribe learn the extent of the ASU research study |
2004 |
SACHRP established |
| |
2007 |
University of Iowa settles Monster Study lawsuit |
| |
2010 |
US apologizes for the Guatemala STD Experiments |
| |
2010 |
ASU settles Havasupai lawsuit |
| |
2011 |
ANPRM for Revision to the Common Rule |
| |
2012 |
Boston College's Belfast Project interviews under legal review |
| |
2012 |
UK Concordant to Support Research Integrity |
| |
2013 |
University of Alabama's SUPPORT Study suspended by OHRP |
| Stanford & Dartmouth Voter Experiment |
2014 |
|
| |
2014 |
UNC IRB suspends whistle-blower's research study on literacy of athletes |
| OKCupid Mismatched Matchmaking Experiment |
2014 |
|
| Facebook Emotional Contagion Study |
2014 |
|
| UCLA Study: Same Sex Marriage: Effect of the Canvasser |
2015 |
NPRM for Revision to the Common Rule |
| |
2017 |
Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues concludes upon the inauguration of the new president and is not replaced. |
| |
2017 |
The Final Revisions to the Common Rule is published on January 19, 2017 in the Federal Register. |
| |
2018 |
The Final Rule was implemented by July 18, 2018. Now known as the "Revised Common Rule" or "The 2018 Requirements" |